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Digital monitoring and health diagnosis for mechanical equipment operation safety based on fiber Bragg

Zude ZHOU, Desheng JIANG, Quan LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 5-14 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0011-3

摘要： This paper introduces fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on a fiber optic grating sensor developed to be embedded on mechanical equipment for digital monitoring and health diagnosis. The theoretical and experimental researches on the new-style FBG sensor (FBGS) technology, high-speed demodulation, and data transmission are discussed. The transmission characteristics between the FBG and the detection interface, modeling and compensation method for online distributed multi-parameter digital monitoring and methods for data processing, synchronous sampling, and long-term dynamic digital monitoring using embedded technology are also presented. The acquired information by an FBGS can be used for the optimization of maintenance schedules and refinement of mechanical equipment design. It is a challenge to gather real-time data from components working at high speed and in a severe environment of high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed. Currently, there are no sensors or technologies available for digital monitoring and health diagnosis under this rigorous situation for use in mechanical engineering operation safety. As a result, this paper introduces an online distributed and integrated digital monitoring system and health diagnosis. The new principle and new method will contribute to modern measurements in science and technology, mechanical engineering, and large mechanical equipment operation safety.

关键词： fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBGS) mechanical equipment operation safety embedded technology high-speed demodulation digital monitoring health diagnosis

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机电装备的失效分析、安全评定和无损检测

钟群鹏,武淮生,张峥,田永江

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 43-48

摘要：

从认识论的高度阐明失效、失效分析和预防在人类科学技术发展中的属性、地位和作用。失效分析和预防具有多学科交叉综合的属性，它的发展依赖于应用学科、应用基础学科、甚至于基础学科的发展，但又对它们的发展起重要反转作用和影响。因此，它是科学技术第一生产力中最积极、最活跃的因素之一。从方法论的角度进一步叙述了失效分析与失效预防之间的辩证关系。失效分析是一种事后的逆向思维过程，它是从异常现象（结果）到因素（模式、原因和机理）的反向科技探索，而失效预防（安全评定）则是从因素到结果的一种事先的正向思维过程。逆向思维与正向思维协同并用，事后分析转化为事先分析，构成科学技术研究活动和科技发展的全过程，两者不可偏废。综述了失效分析和失效预防（安全评定）的主要内容、技术、方法和它们的发展趋势，并提出它们与无损检测技术之间的关系。

关键词：机电装备失效分析安全评定无损检测

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机械产品的信息化——面向机械装备的信息技术

屈梁生,胡兆勇

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第11期页码 20-28

摘要：

机械工业是我国的传统工业，机械装备技术直接影响和制约国民经济诸多领域的发展。信息科学是一门迅速发展的前沿学科，已经渗透到国民经济的各个领域。文章从机械产品的角度出发，讨论了如何用信息技术来提升和发展传统的机械产品，提出了机械产品信息化的内涵、特点与实现的步骤；结合作者过去的一些科研实践，重点分析了机械产品信息化过程的信息融合和特征提取两个技术关键；文章最后强调了理论开拓是产品拥有自主知识产权和核心技术的前提。

关键词：信息化机械工业信息融合特征提取

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基于机械诊断信息的设备运行可靠性研究

何正嘉,蔡改改,申中杰,曹宏瑞,李兵

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第1期页码 9-14

摘要：

针对传统可靠性分析方法必须依赖大样本统计数据、利用概率统计求解设备可靠性的不足，提出两种利用运行状态信息实现小样本条件下设备运行可靠性评估的方法：基于归一化小波信息熵的可靠性评估和基于损伤定量识别的可靠性评估。基于归一化小波信息熵的可靠性评估对设备运行过程中的振动信号采用第二代小波包进行分解与重构，获得多个分解频带信号，计算分解频带信号的相对能量和归一化信息熵，根据归一化信息熵获取反映设备运行状态可靠性的重要指标——可靠度；基于损伤定量识别的可靠性评估定义了新的运行可靠性评价指标——隶属可靠度，在故障定量诊断的基础上，建立了损伤程度与运行可靠性评价指标之间的联系。在制氧压缩机运行可靠性评估和机车轮对轴承运行可靠性评估的成功应用，表明所提出的方法合理、有效，为机械设备实现缺乏大样本、非概率统计模型的可靠性评估提供了新理论与新技术。

关键词：机械设备运行可靠性归一化信息熵隶属可靠度

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Diagnosis method based on wavelet coefficient scale relativity correlation dimension for fault

GU Junjie, TIAN Jin, PENG Xuezhi

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 164-168 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0031-4

摘要： Correlation dimension as a tool to describe machinery condition is introduced. Vibration signals of the fan under different working conditions are analyzed using a threshold filtering algorithm based on the region relativity of the wavelet coefficients for reducing noise. The result shows that the characteristics of the signal could be preserved completely. The correlation dimension is able to identify conditions of the fan with faults compared with the normal condition, thereby providing an effective technology for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment.

关键词： effective technology monitoring mechanical equipment relativity Correlation

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A bionic approach for the mechanical and electrical decoupling of an MEMS capacitive sensor in ultralow

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0747-1

摘要： Capacitive sensors are efficient tools for biophysical force measurement, which is essential for the exploration of cellular behavior. However, attention has been rarely given on the influences of external mechanical and internal electrical interferences on capacitive sensors. In this work, a bionic swallow structure design norm was developed for mechanical decoupling, and the influences of structural parameters on mechanical behavior were fully analyzed and optimized. A bionic feather comb distribution strategy and a portable readout circuit were proposed for eliminating electrostatic interferences. Electrostatic instability was evaluated, and electrostatic decoupling performance was verified on the basis of a novel measurement method utilizing four complementary comb arrays and application-specific integrated circuit readouts. An electrostatic pulling experiment showed that the bionic swallow structure hardly moved by 0.770 nm, and the measurement error was less than 0.009% for the area-variant sensor and 1.118% for the gap-variant sensor, which can be easily compensated in readouts. The proposed sensor also exhibited high resistance against electrostatic rotation, and the resulting measurement error dropped below 0.751%. The rotation interferences were less than 0.330 nm and (1.829 × 10⁻⁷)°, which were 35 times smaller than those of the traditional differential one. Based on the proposed bionic decoupling method, the fabricated sensor exhibited overwhelming capacitive sensitivity values of 7.078 and 1.473 pF/µm for gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, which were the highest among the current devices. High immunity to mechanical disturbances was maintained simultaneously, i.e., less than 0.369% and 0.058% of the sensor outputs for the gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, indicating its great performance improvements over existing devices and feasibility in ultralow biomedical force measurement.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical system capacitive sensor bionics operation instability mechanical and electrical decoupling biomedical force measurement

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Web-based construction equipment fleet management system: cost-effective global and local allocation

Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017012

摘要： Over the last two decades, construction contractors have been gradually making more investments in construction equipment to meet their needs associated with increasing volumes of construction projects. At present, from an operational perspective, almost all contractors pay more attention to maintaining their equipment fleets in well-sustained workable conditions and having a high accessibility of the necessary equipment pieces. However, such an approach alone is not enough to maintain an efficient and sustainable business. In particular, for large-scale construction companies that operate in multiple sites in the U.S. or overseas, the problem extends to an optimal allocation of available equipment. Given the current state of the construction industry in the U.S., this problem can be solved by geographically locating equipment pieces and then wisely re-allocating them among projects. Identifying equipment pieces geographically is a relatively easy task. The difficulty arises when informed decision-making is required for equipment allocation among job sites. The actual allocation of equipment should be both economically feasible and technologically preferable. To help in informed decision-making, an optimization model is developed as a mixed integer program. This model is formed based on a previously successfully developed decision-support model for construction equipment selection. The proposed model incorporates logical strategies of supply chain management to optimally select construction equipment for any construction site while taking into account the costs, availability, and transportation-related issues as constraints. The model benefits those responsible for informed decision-making for construction equipment selection and allocation. It also benefits the owners of construction companies, owing to its cost-minimization objective.

关键词： Construction equipment Equipment assignment optimization Web-based asset management

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武器装备完好性评价方法研究

俞翔,杜刚,何其伟

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第5期页码 76-82

摘要：

武器装备完好性评价对于装备的精细化、科学化使用管理和维修保障具有重要意义，而目前的评价方法在时效性、精确性以及任务匹配度等方面都与新形势新要求不相适应。针对这一问题，提出了基于设备技术状态的装备完好性评价方法，通过对某型驱逐舰的完好性模拟评价，验证了该方法的可行性，并提出了进一步完善装备完好性评价方法和机制的对策建议。

关键词：装备完好性；技术状态；装备维修保障；对策建议

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面向高端装备制造业的高端制造装备需求趋势分析

张俊,卢秉恒

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 136-141 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.019

摘要：

高端制造装备是高端装备制造业快速发展的基础，本文针对航空装备、航天装备、轨道交通装备、海洋工程装备、智能制造装备等高端装备制造业的“十三五”发展趋势，分析了各领域对高端机床和高端基础制造装备提出的新需求和未来的发展重点，并结合我国制造装备行业的现状，提出了几点建议，以促进我国高端装备制造业的良性发展。

关键词：高端装备制造业高端制造装备机床基础制造装备

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Analyzing sustainability of construction equipment in the state of California

Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI, Mohammad MOZAFFARPOUR

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 138-145 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017013

摘要： Construction equipment encompasses highly polluting machines adversely affecting the environment. Management tools are necessary for sustainability assessment of construction equipment fleets to allow contractors to reduce their emissions and comply with local or federal regulations. In addition to management tools, there is a need for a metrics that will allow companies to accurately assess the sustainability of their construction equipment fleets. The State of California USA is adopting innovative approaches to reduce adverse impact of humans on the environment. Once successfully implemented, the chances are that such practices attract other states to adopt similar approaches. This paper presents an evaluation of construction equipment fleets and data analysis. When measured and recorded, such results can be used along with decision-support tools for selection and utilization of construction equipment. The metrics for construction equipment evaluation as well as the tool for sustainable decision-making are developed based on readily available data from manufacturers or maintenance shops without a need for additional effort by contractors or government agencies for their adoption. The metrics developed and the decision support tool incorporate logical strategies of supply chain management for optimal selection of construction equipment for construction site while taking into account the availability, cost, and mobilization related constraints. The metrics and the model can benefit both the government agencies responsible for inspection of fleets and owners of construction companies in their decision-making processes related to environmental sustainability.

关键词： Construction equipment greenhouse gas emissions sustainability index sustainable construction

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Determination of mechanical parameters for elements in meso-mechanical models of concrete

Xianglin GU, Junyu JIA, Zhuolin WANG, Li HONG, Feng LIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 391-401 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0225-7

摘要： The responses of cement mortar specimens of different dimensions under compression and tension were calculated based on the discrete element method with the modified-rigid-body-spring concrete model, in which the mechanical parameters derived from macro-scale material tests were applied directly to the mortar elements. By comparing the calculated results with those predicted by the Carpinteri and Weibull size effects laws, a series of formulas to convert the macro-scale mechanical parameters of mortar and interface to those at the meso-scale were proposed through a fitting analysis. Based on the proposed formulas, numerical simulation of axial compressive and tensile failure processes of concrete and cement mortar materials, respectively were conducted. The calculated results were a good match with the test results.

关键词： concrete meso-mechanical model discrete element method size effect mechanical parameter

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Facile synthesis of polyaniline nanorods to simultaneously enhance the mechanical properties and wear

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期页码 1254-1266 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2297-3

摘要： To enhance the mechanical properties and wear resistance of epoxy resin, polyaniline nanorods were first synthesized using a facile route, and then introduced into the epoxy matrix to yield composites via solution mixing. Several measurements were conducted to investigate the phase structures and compositions of polyaniline nanorods, and their positive influences on the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy resin were also characterized. The results confirmed that the as-synthesized polyaniline exhibited representative rod-like morphologies and dispersed well in the epoxy matrix, leading to significant enhancements in the tensile strength and elastic modulus of epoxy composites. The highest values of 110.33 MPa and 2.04 GPa were obtained by adding 5%–7% polyaniline nanorods, which were 43% and 62% higher than the pure sample, respectively. The wear rate was increased first and then decreased along with polyaniline nanorods, presenting the lowest value of 2.12 × 10⁻⁵ mm³·Nm^–1 by adding 5% filler, which was markedly reduced by ca. 70% compared to the control sample. Finally, the possible wear mechanism was proposed and discussed in detail. This study tried to broaden the applications of polyaniline nanorods in the field of tribology.

关键词： epoxy resin polyaniline nanorods mechanical property tribological performance wear mechanism

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我国海洋油气装备发展战略研究

程兵,付强 ,李清平 ,刘一斌 ,朱琳 ,吴英

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 13-21 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.002

摘要：

海洋油气装备是开发海洋油气、建设海洋强国的国之重器，近年来中国的海洋油气装备取得了一系列突破，正在实现面向超深水的跨越，但仍然存在一定的不足。本文全面分析和总结了海洋油气勘探装备、钻井装备、施工装备、生产装备的全球发展现状和国内发展水平，分析了我国海洋油气装备领域的发展差距，并提出了各个领域未来的重点发展方向。研究提出了我国海洋油气装备未来的发展目标，并提出了无人化、智能化、标准化发展实现常规海洋装备产业的升级；超前部署3000 米级超深水油气田开发技术和装备体系，制定关键核心装备清单，加快核心装备的突破；加快水下生产装备的国产化应用；加快实现浮式液化天然气设施（FLNG）的突破，打造大国重器；加强海洋装备测试及认证体系建设，助力“首台套”装备的应用；探索海洋油气装备与海上新能源融合发展等战略建议，以期为我国未来的海洋油气装备发展战略提供参考。

关键词：海洋油气；勘探装备；钻井装备；施工装备；生产装备

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Proposing a “lean and green” framework for equipment cost analysis in construction

Ming LU, Nicolas DIAZ, Monjurul HASAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 384-394 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0033-4

摘要： One limitation of previous productivity-driven research on equipment selection and operation simulation lies in the fact that the green aspects of construction activities have been largely neglected in analysis of costefficiency of construction operations. On the other hand, studies attempting to measure greenhouse gas emission due to construction activities have yet to develop a methodology that correlates their findings and implications with construction productivity. In order to address the immediate need for improving the sustainability performance of construction projects, it is imperative for the construction industry to evaluate greenhouse gas emission as a cost factor in construction planning, equipment selection, and cost estimating. In this context, this paper formalizes an integrative framework for equipment cost analysis based on the concepts of lean construction and green construction, aimed to guide the selection of appropriate construction equipment considering exhaust emission and productivity performance at the same time. The framework is elaborated in earthwork construction in order to evaluate the impact of greenhouse gas emission in estimating equipment hourly rates and assessing greenness and sustainability for alternative equipment options.

关键词： green construction lean construction equipment simulation earthwork construction sustainability productivity

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Artificial lift equipment repairing techniques in Daqing Oilfield

He LIU, Guochen SHI, Cui WANG, Peijing SHI, Yi XU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 111-117 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0081-2

摘要： To date, there are more than 60000 wells in Daqing Oilfield including injectors and producers. The annual investment is 1.07 billion RMB in the maintenance of artificial lift equipment, which is a heavy burden for the sustainable development of Daqing Oilfield. After years of study, a series of repairing techniques for artificial lift equipment have been created, which saved 0.5 billion RMB per year, leading to remarkable benefits and efficiency as well.This paper first presents the background of artificial lift equipment repairing technique in Daqing Oilfield. Then, a detailed introduction is given about the development history and current situation of key repairing technology, including the oil tube, rod string, and suck-rod pump. With reference to the study result in automobile and military territory remanufacturing technology, this paper analyzes the situation of artificial lift repairing techniques and evaluates the development direction and tendency of this field for a mature oilfield in the future.

关键词： artificial lift equipment repairing technique remanufacturing technique Daqing Oilfield